The development of programs to simulate human behaviour. Including:
Image recognition:identifies objects or people in an image
Speech recognition:identifies words spoken and stores them
Natural language:receives commands or instructions that are not in a set format and performs the required response
Computer games:move elements or characters independently based on the environment
Diagnosis systems:used to diagnose certain conditions, eg. using a patient's symptoms to detect the illness and suggest actions to cure
Components of AI
Collection of data
A set of programmed rules
The ability to reason
The ability to learn and adapt
Describe the characteristics of AI
Collects data; stores rules for using the data
Has the ability to reason
Has the ability to learn by using machine learning by adapting what it does for example from mistakes previously made, to not make them again by changing its own rules by changing its own data by being trained
Makes one or more predictions (to make a decision)
Find/analyse patterns
Machine Learning
What is machine learning?
Is when a program has the ability to automatically adapt its own processes and/or data
**Explain how a program can use AI to help a robot solve different
Identifies and stores patterns make sure it does not repeat incorrect route so it knows how to react to obstacles next time so it knows what is most likely to work next time
Expert Systems
What is an expert system?
A special type of system that attempts to emulate the expertise of a human.
Achieved by asking questions to determine the solution to the answer
Depending on the choices the system will ask a different question
Expert System Key Features/Components
A repository of facts
A collection of objects and their attributes
A collection of inference rules used to draw conclusions
Inference rules are used by the inference engine to draw conclusions
A kind of search engine used in an expert system which examines the knowledge base for information that matches the queries
The inference engine is the problem-solving part of the expert system that makes use of inference rules in the rules base
Used to allow the user to interact with the expert system
Interaction can be through dialogue boxes, command prompts or other input methods
Why does an expert system need a knowledge base?
It needs facts... to generate the rules to make the decisions // The data it contains is essential to the decision making process
Advantages of Expert Systems
They offer a high level of expertise
They offer high accuracy
The results are consistent
They have the ability to store vast amounts of ideas and facts
They can make traceable logical solutions and diagnostics
It is possible for an expert system to have multiple expertise
They have very fast response times (much quicker than a human expert)
They provide unbiased reporting and analysis of the facts
They indicate the probability of any suggested solution being correct.
Disadvantages of Expert Systems
Users of the expert system need considerable training in its use to ensure the system is being used correctly
The set up and maintenance costs are very high
They tend to give very "cold" responses that may not be appropriate in certain medical situations
They are only as good as the information/facts entered into the system
Users sometimes make the very dangerous assumption that they are infallible.